Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 21
Filter
1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190336, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057282

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Candida parapsilosis complex species differ from each other with regard to their prevalence and virulence. METHODS: The hydrolytic enzyme activity, biofilm production, and adhesion to epithelial cells were analyzed in 87 C. parapsilosis complex strains. RESULTS: Among the studied isolates, 97.7%, 63.2%, and 82.8% exhibited very strong proteinase, esterase, and hemolysin activity, respectively. All the C. parapsilosis complex isolates produced biofilms and presented an average adherence of 96.0 yeasts/100 epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that Candida parapsilosis complex isolates showed different levels of enzyme activity, biofilm production, and adhesion to epithelial cells.


Subject(s)
Humans , Virulence Factors/analysis , Candida parapsilosis/pathogenicity , Cell Adhesion , Mycological Typing Techniques , Biofilms/growth & development , Candida parapsilosis/isolation & purification , Candida parapsilosis/classification , Candida parapsilosis/enzymology , Hydrolases/biosynthesis
2.
Rev. patol. trop ; 49(3)2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151969

ABSTRACT

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection. This work aims to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of the clinical diagnosis of VVC and to characterize Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2016 to February 2017 at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The study included samples of vaginal secretion from 55 women who complained of vaginal discharge and itching as their main symptoms. The PPV of the clinical diagnosis of VVC was estimated in comparison to the laboratory culture method. The phenotypic methods and molecular tests were performed to identify Candida spp. In vitro susceptibility of Candida spp. isolates to fluconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, nystatin, and amphotericin B was determined using the broth microdilution assay. Yeast growth using the enzymes protease, phospholipase, and hemolysin was carried out in media containing respectively bovine albumin, egg yolk, and sheep erythrocytes. A PPV of 61.8% (34/55) was determined. Among the 55 vulvovaginal samples collected, we identified 36 isolates in which C. albicans was the most common species. High resistance to fluconazole and low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for clotrimazole, nystatin and amphotericin B were observed. All isolates were proteinase and hemolysin producers, while seven strains were phospholipase negative. The clinical diagnosis of VVC presented a moderate PPV, which meant that cultures had to be conducted in the laboratory to confirm infection. The high resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole indicated the importance of the in vitro susceptibility test.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal , Clinical Diagnosis , Reproductive Tract Infections
3.
Rev. patol. trop ; 47(1): 11-18, març. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-913759

ABSTRACT

Although Candida albicans remains the most frequent Candida species; however other species have emerged as important causes of candidiasis. In this work, we evaluated the in vitro susceptibility profile of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis biofilms isolated from patients with candidemia to fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. Differences between the biofilm ultrastructure of the three species were also determined. The isolates were phenotypically determined by growth on a ChromagarTM medium and assimilation profile on ID32C. The Scanning Electron Microscopy method (SEM) on biofilm was performed using polyurethane strips. For the in vitro susceptibility profile a microdilution in broth was used. Sessile cells were resistant to fluconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin. The resistance to amphotericin B was less pronounced and more variable between the tested isolates. In the SEM, slight differences in ultrastructural morphology for each species in biofilms were observed. Our results verified biofilm formation. Low susceptibility to the drugs in the three researched species confirmed the higher virulence of them.


Subject(s)
Biofilms , Candida , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Disease Susceptibility
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 50(1): 80-85, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842812

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are an important complication in immunocompromised individuals, particularly neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. In this study, we aimed to verify the epidemiology and diagnosis of IFIs in patients with hematologic problems at a tertiary hospital in Goiânia-GO, Brazil. METHODS: Data from 117 patients, involving 19 cases of IFIs, were collected. The collected data included diagnosis methods, demographics, clinical characteristics, and in vitro susceptibility to different antifungal agents. Among the 19 cases, 12 were classified as proven IFI and 7 as probable invasive aspergillosis with detection of galactomannan in blood and presence of lung infiltrates in radiographic images. Logistic regression analysis showed that the proven and probable IFIs were associated with increased risk of death. Statistical analysis demonstrated that age, sex, and underlying disease were not independently associated with risk of death in IFI patients. RESULTS: Most bloodstream isolates of Candida spp. exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to all antifungal agents tested. Voriconazole and amphotericin had the lowest MICs for Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp., but Fusarium spp. showed the least susceptibility to all antifungals tested. Amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole were found to be inactive in vitro against Acremonium kiliense; but this fungus was sensitive to voriconazole. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the high number of IFI cases, with crude mortality rate of 6%, we could conclude that IFIs remain a common infection in patients with hematological malignancies and underdiagnosed ante mortem. Thus, IFIs should be monitored closely.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Invasive Fungal Infections/microbiology , Hematologic Diseases/microbiology , Aspergillus/isolation & purification , Aspergillus/drug effects , Acremonium/isolation & purification , Acremonium/drug effects , Candida/isolation & purification , Candida/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prevalence , Sensitivity and Specificity , Immunocompromised Host , Invasive Fungal Infections/diagnosis , Fusarium/isolation & purification , Fusarium/drug effects , Mannans/blood , Middle Aged , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(4): 454-459, July-Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755974

ABSTRACT

AbstractINTRODUCTION:

Candida parapsilosis is a common yeast species found in cases of onychomycosis and candidemia associated with infected intravascular devices. In this study, we differentiated Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis , and Candida metapsilosis from a culture collection containing blood and subungual scraping samples. Furthermore, we assessed the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of these species to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin.

METHODS:

Differentiation of C. parapsilosis complex species was performed by amplification of the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (SADH) gene and digestion by the restriction enzyme Ban I. All isolates were evaluated for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations using Etest, a method for antifungal susceptibility testing.

RESULTS:

Among the 87 isolates, 78 (89.7%) were identified as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto , five (5.7%) were identified as C. orthopsilosis , and four (4.6%) were identified as C. metapsilosis . Analysis of antifungal susceptibility showed that C. parapsilosis sensu strictoisolates were less susceptible to amphotericin B and itraconazole. One C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolate was resistant to amphotericin B and itraconazole. Moreover, 10.2% of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates were resistant to caspofungin. Two C. parapsilosis sensu strictoisolates and one C. metapsilosis isolate were susceptible to fluconazole in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONS:

We reported the first molecular identification of C. p...


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/drug effects , Candida/classification , Drug Resistance, Fungal , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycological Typing Techniques/methods
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(5): 618-623, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728892

ABSTRACT

Introduction This is the first study to examine the in vitro susceptibility and the expression of virulence factors in Candida species in the presence of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum (Myrtaceae), a Brazilian plant known as paucravo. Additionally, the mechanisms of action of the crude ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of this plant were investigated. Methods The in vitro susceptibility of Candida was tested using the broth microdilution method, whereas an XTT reduction assay was used for biofilms. Adherence was determined by counting the number of yeast cells that adhered to 100 oral epithelial cells, and hyphal formation was verified in the hyphal induction medium M199. Flow cytometry with propidium iodide and FUN-1 was performed to assess the mechanism of action. Results The results revealed that the crude ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of P. pseudocaryophyllus inhibited the growth of Candida isolates at a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 64 to 256µg/mL, whereas the 50% sessile minimal inhibitory concentration (SMIC50) ranged from 512 to >1,024µg/mL. Adherence and hyphal formation were significantly reduced in the presence of the crude ethanol extract and both fractions. Although cell membrane injury was detected, the predominant mechanism of action appeared to be the alteration of yeast metabolism, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. Conclusions Our results indicated that antifungal activity reduced the expression of virulence factors in yeast via the alteration of yeast metabolism, suggesting that the crude extract of P. pseudocaryophyllus and its fractions may contain novel antifungal agents. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/drug effects , Pimenta/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Virulence Factors/antagonists & inhibitors , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Biofilms/drug effects , Candida/pathogenicity , Flow Cytometry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
7.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(3): 343-347, May-Jun/2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-679526

ABSTRACT

Introduction In this study, the clinical features, underlying diseases and clinical outcomes of patients with cryptococcosis were investigated. In addition, a molecular analysis of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex isolated from these patients was performed. Methods A prospective study of 62 cases of patients with cryptococcal infection was conducted at the Hospital de Doenças Tropicais de Goiás Dr. Anuar Auad from 2009-2010. Cryptococcal meningitis cases were diagnosed by direct examination and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample culture. The profiling of these patients was assessed. The CSF samples were submitted to India ink preparation and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar, and C. neoformans was identified by the production of urease, a positive phenoloxidase test and assimilation of carbohydrates. C. neoformans and C. gattii isolates were distinguished by growth on L-canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue medium, and molecular analysis was conducted via PCR fingerprinting reactions using M13 and (GACA)4 primers. Results From the 62 patients with cryptococcosis, 71 isolates of CSF were obtained; 67 (94.4%) isolates were identified as C. neoformans var. grubii/VNI, and 4 (5.6%) were identified as C. gattii/VGII. Of these patients, 53 had an HIV diagnosis. The incidence of cryptococcosis was higher among patients 20-40 years of age, with 74.2% of the cases reported in males. Cryptococcus-related mortality was noted in 48.4% of the patients, and the symptoms were altered sensorium, headache, fever and stiff neck. Conclusions The high morbidity and mortality observed among patients with cryptococcosis demonstrate the importance of obtaining information regarding the epidemiological profile and clinical course of the disease in the State of Goiás, Brazil. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cryptococcus neoformans/genetics , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/microbiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolation & purification , DNA Fingerprinting , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Molecular Typing , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/mortality , Prospective Studies
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(6): 740-744, Nov.-Dec. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-611775

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Candida albicans is responsible for superficial or systemic infections known as candidiasis, which may be found in infected tissue as unicellular budding yeasts, hyphae, or pseudohyphae. In this study, the effects of both fluconazole and itraconazole antifungal agents on the hyphal formation and genotypic characterization of C. albicans isolates classified as either susceptible or resistant were investigated. METHODS: The hyphal production of five C. albicans isolates under the action of antifungal agents was investigated by culturing yeast on growth medium and on hyphal induction medium. The genotypic characterization was carried out for 13 isolates of C. albicans using the random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) method. RESULTS: The dimorphism analysis showed that the hyphal formation was higher in resistant than in the susceptible isolates to both azoles. The RAPD-PCR method identified the formation of two different groups. In group A, four resistant and two susceptible isolates were clustered, and in group B, one resistant and six susceptible isolates were clustered. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that hyphal formation was higher in resistant isolates in the presence of azole drugs, we confirmed that the hyphal production is closely related to susceptibility to azoles. These drugs may affect the morphogenesis of C. albicans depending on their susceptibility to these drugs. In relation to RAPD-PCR, most resistant isolates classified in group A and susceptible isolates in group B demonstrated that this method presented a similar standard between the two groups, suggesting that by this technique, a strong correlation between genotypes and fluconazole-resistant samples may be found.


INTRODUÇÃO: Candida albicans é responsável por infecções superficiais ou sistêmicas conhecidas como candidíase, encontrada em tecidos infectados na forma de leveduras brotantes unicelulares, hifas ou pseudohifas. Neste estudo, os efeitos de agentes antifúngicos como o fluconazol e o itraconazol sobre a formação de hifas e caracterização genotípica de isolados de C. albicans suscetíveis ou resistentes foram investigados. MÉTODOS: A produção de hifas de cinco isolados de C. albicans, sob a ação de antifúngicos foi investigada pelo cultivo da levedura em meios de crescimento e de indução de hifas. A caracterização genotípica foi realizada para 13 isolados de C. albicans pelo método de RAPD-PCR. RESULTADOS: A análise do dimorfismo mostrou que a formação de hifas foi maior nos isolados resistentes do que nos suscetíveis aos antifúngicos. O método de RAPD-PCR identificou a formação de dois diferentes grupos. No grupo A, foram agrupados quatro isolados resistentes e dois suscetíveis e no grupo B um resistente e seis suscetíveis. CONCLUSÕES: Considerando que a formação hifal foi maior em isolados resistentes na presença de azólicos, concluimos que a produção hifal está muito relacionada a suscetibilidade a estes fámacos. Estes antifúngicos podem alterar a morfologia de C. albicans em dependência da sua suscetibilidade. No método de RAPD-PCR, o encontro da maioria dos isolados resistentes classificados como pertencentes ao grupo A e suscetíveis ao grupo B demonstrou que este método apresentou um padrão semelhante entre os dois grupos, sugerindo que por este método pode ser detectado uma estreita correlação entre genótipos e amostras resistentes ao fluconazol.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida albicans/drug effects , Fluconazole/pharmacology , Hyphae/growth & development , Itraconazole/pharmacology , Candida albicans/genetics , DNA, Fungal/analysis , Drug Resistance, Fungal , Genotype , Hyphae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
9.
Rev. eletrônica enferm ; 12(3)set. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-580948

ABSTRACT

As espécies de Candida são de ocorrência comum na cavidade bucal sendo que estas leveduras estão presentes em cerca de 50% de indivíduos saudáveis, podendo este porcentual variar dependendo da população estudada. Os processos infecciosos causados por Candida variam de quadros clínicos benignos, a quadros graves e fatais como as infecções invasivas e disseminadas. Neste estudo foi avaliada a colonização de leveduras do gênero Candida em 312 amostras de saliva de profissionais do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, durante o período de julho a dezembro de 2007. As espécies de Candida isoladas da saliva foram identificadas através da produção de tubo germinativo e de clamidoconídios, assimilação de carboidratos e cultivo em meio CHROMagar® Candida. Os profissionais estudados mostraram colonização por leveduras do gênero Candida em 61,9% das amostras analisadas, sendo isolados C. albicans (58,5%), C. parapsilosis (24,4%), C. krusei (8,3%) e C. famata (3,6%). A divulgação destes resultados pode servir como um auxílio para a prevenção e controle de candidíase bucal nos trabalhadores da área de saúde que vivem em contato constante com indivíduos altamente suscetíveis a infecções.


Candida species are of common occurrence in the buccal cavity and these yeasts are present in about 50% of healthy individuals. This percentage can change depending on the studied population. The infectious processes caused by Candida vary of benign clinical pictures, to serious and fatal pictures as the invasive infections and disseminated. In this study it was evaluated the colonization of yeasts of the Candida genus on 312 saliva sample of the hospital workers from ?Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás? in the city of Goiania-Goiás/Brazil, during the period from July to December of 2007. Candida species were identified by production of germ-tube, chlamydospore formation, assimilation sugar tests and culture on CHROMagar® Candida. The hospital workers analyzed presented colonization of the saliva by yeasts of the Candida genus in 61.9% from samples studied, being isolated C. albicans (58.5%), C. parapsilosis (24.4%), C. krusei (8.3%) and C. famata (3.6%). The publication of these results can serve as an aid for the prevention and control of oral candidiasis in the workers of the area of health that live in contact with individuals susceptible to infections.


Especies de Candida son de ocurrencia común en la cavidad bucal y estas levaduras están presentes en cerca del 50% de individuos sanos. La frecuencia varía, dependiendo de las personas investigadas. Los procesos infecciosos causados por Candida varían de cuadros clínicos benignos, a los cuadros serios y fatales como las infecciones invasivas y diseminadas. En este estudio ha sido evaluado la colonización de las especies de Candida en la saliva de los obreros del Hospital das Clínicas de la Universidad Federal de Goiás en Goiânia, Brasil, entre julio y diciembre de 2007. El trabajo se llevó a cabo con 312 muestras de saliva. Las especies de Candida aisladas de la saliva fueron identificadas a través de la formación de tubo germinal y de clamidoconídio, asimilación de carbohidratos y cultivo en CHROMagar® Candida. En nuestro estudio, 61.9% de los trabajadores analizados del hospital presentaron colonización de la saliva por las levaduras del género Candida, estar aislado C. albicans (58.5%), C. parapsilosis (24,4%), C. krusei (8,3%) y C. famata (3,6%). La divulgación de estos resultados puede servir como una ayuda para la prevención y control de candidíase bucal en los trabajadores del área de salud que viven en contacto constante con individuos susceptibles a las infecciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis, Oral/prevention & control , Health Personnel , Saliva
10.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 52(3): 139-143, May-June 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-550344

ABSTRACT

Phospholipase and proteinase production and the ability of adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) of 112 Candida isolates originated from oral cavity of HIV infected patients and from blood and catheter of intensive care unit patients were investigated. The proteinase production was detected by inoculation into bovine serum albumin (BSA) agar and the phospholipase activity was performed using egg yolk emulsion. A yeast suspension of each test strain was incubated with buccal epithelial cells and the number of adherence yeast to epithelial cells was counted. A percentage of 88.1 percent and 55.9 percent of Candida albicans and 69.8 percent and 37.7 percent of non-albicans Candida isolates produced proteinase and phospholipase, respectively. Non-albicans Candida isolated from catheter were more proteolytic than C. albicans isolates. Blood isolates were more proteolytic than catheter and oral cavity isolates while oral cavity isolates produced more phospholipase than those from blood and catheter. C. albicans isolates from oral cavity and from catheter were more adherent to BEC than non-albicans Candida isolates, but the adhesion was not different among the three sources analyzed. The results indicated differences in the production of phospholipase and proteinase and in the ability of adhesion to BEC among Candida spp. isolates from different sources. This study suggests that the pathogenicity of Candida can be correlated with the infected site.


A produção de proteinase e fosfolipase e habilidade de adesão à célula epitelial bucal de 112 isolados de Candida originadas da cavidade bucal de pacientes infectados pelo HIV e de sangue e cateter de pacientes hospitalizados foram investigados. A produção de proteinase foi detectada por inoculação em ágar soro albumina bovina e a atividade de fosfolipase foi realizada usando emulsão de gema de ovo. A suspensão de levedura de cada isolado foi incubada com célula epitelial e o número de leveduras aderidas a célula epitelial foi contada. Uma porcentagem de 88,1 e 55,9 por cento de C. albicans e 69,8 e 37,7 por cento de isolados de Candida não albicans produziram proteinase e fosfolipase, respectivamente. Candida não albicans obtidas do cateter foram mais proteolíticos que isolados de Candida albicans (p < 0,001). Isolados do sangue foram mais proteolíticos do que isolados do cateter e cavidade bucal, enquanto isolados da cavidade bucal produziram mais fosfolipase do que aqueles isolados do sangue e cateter. C. albicans isoladas da cavidade bucal e do cateter foram mais aderentes à célula epitelial bucal do que isolados de Candida não albicans, mas não houve diferença na adesão entre os três locais analisados. Os resultados indicaram diferenças na produção de fosfolipase e proteinase e na habilidade de adesão à célula epitelial bucal entre os isolados de Candida das diferentes fontes. Este estudo sugere que a patogenicidade de Candida spp pode estar correlacionada ao local infectado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aspartic Acid Proteases/biosynthesis , Bacterial Adhesion/physiology , Candida/enzymology , Candida/physiology , Phospholipases/biosynthesis , Candida/isolation & purification , Catheters, Indwelling/microbiology , Epithelial Cells/microbiology , HIV Infections/microbiology , Mouth/microbiology
11.
Rev. patol. trop ; 39(1): 41-47, jan.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-560298

ABSTRACT

By using RAPD method, a total of 28 primers were screened for discrimination among Candidaalbicans isolates. Seven of these primers were selected because they presented reproducible DNAbanding patterns for all the strains of C. albicans. The same genetic profile was obtained by RAPD method using OPG 14 (5’-GGATGAGACC-3’) while the OPG 17 (5’- ACGACCGACA-3’) demonstrated capacity to differentiate the isolates of C. albicans in 4 genotypes. According to the results obtained, we concluded that by using these primers, the RAPD analysis may be useful in providing genotypic characteristics for C. albicans in epidemiological investigation.


Usando o método de amplificação randômica de DNA polimórfico (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis, RAPD), um total de 28 iniciadores (primers) foi estudado para discriminar entre os isolados de Candida albicans. Sete destes primers foram selecionados porque apresentaram padrões de banda de DNA reprodutíveis para todos os isolados de C. albicans. O mesmo perfil genético foi obtido usando OPG 14 (5-GGATGAGACC-3), enquanto o OPG 17 (5-ACGACCGACA-3) demonstrou capacidade de diferenciar os isolados em quatro genótipos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, nós concluímos que usando estes primers, a análise de RAPD pode ser útil em prover características genotípicas em investigações epidemiológicas.


Subject(s)
Candida albicans/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Genotype
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 42(3): 250-254, May-June 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-522251

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to compare the agar dilution and broth microdilution methods for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin and terbinafine for 60 dermatophyte samples belonging to the species Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis. The percentage agreement between the two methods, for all the isolates with < 2 dilutions that were tested was 91.6 percent for ketoconazole and griseofulvin, 88.3 percent for itraconazole, 81.6 percent for terbinafine and 73.3 percent for fluconazole. One hundred percent agreement was obtained for Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates evaluated with ketoconazole and griseofulvin. Thus, until a reference method for testing the in vitro susceptibility of dermatophytes is standardized, the similarity of the results between the two methods means that the agar dilution method may be useful for susceptibility testing on these filamentous fungi.


O propósito do presente trabalho foi comparar os métodos de diluição em ágar e diluição em caldo para a determinação de concentração inibitória mínima de fluconazol, itraconazol, cetoconazol, griseofulvina e terbinafina para 60 amostras de dermatófitos pertencentes às espécies, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton. mentagrophytes e Microsporum canis. A porcentagem de acordo entre os dois métodos para todos os isolados testados considerando-se valores < 2 diluições, foram de 91,6 por cento para cetoconazol e para griseofulvina, de 88,3 por cento para itraconazol, de 81,6 por cento para terbinafina e de 73,3 por cento para fluconazol. Uma concordância de 100 por cento foi obtido para isolados de Trichophyton mentagrophytes avaliados com cetoconazol e griseofulvina. Desta forma, até que um método de referência seja padronizado para testar a suscetibilidade in vitro para os dermatófitos, os resultados semelhantes encontrados para os dois métodos fazem com que o método de diluição em ágar possa ser útil no teste de suscetibilidade para estes fungos filamentosos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Arthrodermataceae/drug effects , Arthrodermataceae/classification , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests/methods
13.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 40(1): 163-169, Jan.-Mar. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513135

ABSTRACT

A clear understanding of the pharmacodynamic properties of antifungal agents is important for the adequate treatment of fungal infections like candidiasis. For certain antifungal agents, the determination of Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) and time kill curve could be clinically more relevant than the determination of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). In this study, MIC and MFC to fluconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin against C. albicans isolates and the killing patterns obtained with caspofungin and amphotericin B against susceptible and resistant strains to fluconazole were determined. The results of MICs showed that all C. albicans isolates were highly susceptible to amphotericin B, but two isolates were fluconazole resistant. The comparative analysis between MIC and MFC showed that MFC of fluconazole was fourfold higher than MIC in 41.9% of the C. albicans isolates. Same values of MFC and MIC of amphotericin B and caspofungin were found for 71% of the isolates. Correlation between time kill curves and MFC of amphotericin B and caspofungin against all 4 isolates tested was observed. The caspofungin killing effect was more evident at MFC in 6 hours of incubation than at MIC in this time, suggesting dependence of concentration. The similarity of results of time-kill curve and MFC values indicate that determination of MFC is an alternative for the detection of the fungicidal activity of these drugs.


Um claro entendimento das propriedades farmacodinâmicas dos agentes antifúngicos é de grande importância para o adequado tratamento das infecções fúngicas como a candidíase. Em alguns casos de escolha do agente antifúngico, a determinação da concentração fungicida minima (CFM) e a curva do tempo de morte podem ser mais clinicamente relevantes do que a concentração inibitória minima (CIM). Nesse estudo, foi avaliado a CIM e a CFM de fluconazol, anfotericina B e caspofungina em Candida albicans e ainda os padrões de morte obtidos com caspofungina e anfotericina B de isolados suscetíveis e resistentes ao fluconazol. Os resultados de CIM mostraram que todos os isolados de Candida albicans foram altamente suscetíveis à anfotericina B, entretanto dois isolados foram fluconazol resistentes. A análise comparativa de CIM e da CFM mostrou que o CFM de fluconazol foi quatro vezes superior à CIM para 41,9% dos isolados de Candida albicans. Valores iguais de CFM e CIM de anfotericina B e caspofungina foram encontrados para 71% dos isolados. Correlação entre a curva do tempo de morte e a CFM de anfotericina B e caspofungina contra quatro isolados testados foi observada. O efeito de morte de caspofungina foi mais evidente na CFM até 6 horas de incubação do que na CIM nesse mesmo tempo, sugerindo a dependência da concentração. A similaridade dos resultados da curva do tempo de morte e os valores de CFM indicam que a determinação da CFM é uma escolha alternativa na detecção da atividade fungicida destes agentes antifúngicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Disease Susceptibility , Mouth Mucosa , Mycoses , Kinetics , Methods , Patients , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
14.
Rev. patol. trop ; 37(4): 323-331, out.-dez. 2008. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-507524

ABSTRACT

Candidemia está geralmente relacionada à microbiota endógena, porém infecções exógenas originadas do staff ou do meio ambiente podem ocorrer. O método de DNA polimórfico amplificado aleatoriamente (RAPD) pode revelar variações específicas do isolado. Neste estudo, foi utilizada a análise de RAPD para avaliar a diversidade genética entre isolados de C. albicans, buscando-se encontrar similaridade entre os padrões de DNA dos isolados obtidos de amostras clínicas e ambientais da unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Os primers denominados Cnd3 (5-CCAGATGCAC-3) e Cnd4 (5-ACGGTACACT-3) foram usados como primer na PCR. Perfis de RAPD do sangue e da urina, provenientes dos mesmos pacientes, mostraram-se idênticos em quase todas as amostras estudadas, exceto na de um paciente. O isolado da cama deste paciente tinha o mesmo genótipo da amostra obtida de seu sangue. Embora a maioria dos isolados de C. albicans provavelmente tivesse origem endógena, o encontro de isolados de pacientes com o mesmo perfil dos isolados do meio ambiente sugere que a candidemia pode resultar de uma fonte exógena.


Subject(s)
Humans , Candida albicans , Cross Infection , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
15.
Rev. patol. trop ; 37(1): 65-69, jan.-abr. 2008. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-488259

ABSTRACT

Microrganismos como fungos, bactérias e outros constituem freqüente ameaça para acervos de bibliotecas e arquivos, assim como para seus usuários, principalmente quando instalados em locais inadequados. A Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás abriga, em seu subsolo, uma sala na qual foi instalado um arquivo de livros de registros, classificadores, caixas de documentos e revistas guardados em estantes e armários. Amostras deste arquivo e do ar ambiente da sala foram coletadas para pesquisa de fungos. Foram isolados e identificados, neste estudo, Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, Mucor spp. e outros fungos filamentosos, que são amplamente distribuídos no meio ambiente, como solo e ar, e podem infectar o homem, causando doença quando encontram condições favoráveis ao seu desenvolvimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Library Materials , Environmental Illness , Fungi , Environmental Hazards
16.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 48(5): 257-261, Sept.-Oct. 2006. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-437213

ABSTRACT

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. CD4+ lymphocytes count and the quantification of viral RNA in blood plasma have been found to be the main markers of HIV disease progression. The present study was conducted to evaluate Candida sp. diversity in the oral cavity of HIV-infected patients and to determine whether there was association of CD4+ cell count and viral load with asymptomatic oral Candida carriage. Out of 99 HIV-positive patients studied, 62 (62.6 percent) had positive culture for Candida (oral carriage) and 37 patients (37.4 percent) had Candida negative culture (no oral carriage). The etiologic agents most common were C. albicans and C. tropicalis. The range of CD4+ was 6-2305 cells/mm³ in colonized patients and 3-839 cells/mm³ for non-colonized patients, while the viral load was 60-90016 copies/mL for colonized patients and 75-110488 copies/mL for non colonized patients. The viral load was undetectable in 15 colonized patients and in 12 non colonized patients. Our results showed that there was no significant difference of the variables CD4+ cell count and viral load between oral candida carriage and no oral candida carriage patients.


Candidíase de orofaringe é a infecção fúngica oportunística mais comum em indivíduos infectados com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Contagem de linfócitos CD4+ e quantificação de RNA viral no plasma sanguíneo são os principais marcadores da progressão da doença pelo HIV. O presente estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a diversidade de espécies de Candida presentes na cavidade bucal de pacientes infectados pelo HIV e para determinar se havia associação de contagem de células CD4+ e de carga viral com carreadores assintomáticos de Candida, na mucosa bucal. Dos 99 pacientes HIV positivo estudados, 62 (62,6 por cento) apresentaram cultura positiva para Candida sp. sendo denominados carreadores de Candida e os 37 pacientes (37,4 por cento) que não possuíam leveduras do gênero Candida na mucosa bucal foram denominados não carreadores. Os agentes etiológicos mais comuns foram C. albicans e C. tropicalis. A variação de CD4+ foi de 6-2305 cels/mm³ em pacientes colonizados e de 3-839 cels/mm³ para pacientes não colonizados, enquanto a carga viral variou de 60-90016 cópias/mL para pacientes colonizados e de 75-110488 cópias/mL para não colonizados. Não foi possível a detecção de carga viral em 15 pacientes colonizados e em 12 não colonizados, porque o limite mínimo de detecção era de 50 cópias/mL. Nossos resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significante na contagem de células CD4+ e de carga viral entre os pacientes carreadores e não carreadores de Candida na mucosa bucal de pacientes com AIDS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Candida/isolation & purification , HIV Infections/microbiology , Mouth/microbiology , Carrier State , Candida/classification , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Viral Load
17.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 100(8): 925-928, Dec. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-419961

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to identify possible predisposing factors for candiduria in intensive care unit (ICU) patients from Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil, during one year. Urine samples from 153 ICU patients were obtained by catheterization on admission day and every seven days. Data such as sex, age, antifungal therapy, and variables as antibiotics, underlying diseases or comorbid conditions and stay in the hospital, were collected from patients who had at least one urine culture that yielded > 10³ yeast colonies/ml. Candiduria was recovered in 68 patients and the commonest predisposing factors were antibiotic therapy (100 percent) and indwelling urinary catheter (92.6 percent). The percentage of Candida spp. isolation increased during the extended periods in which patients remained in the ICU. C. albicans was isolated in 69.1 percent, and the other species non-albicans as C. glabrata, C. kefyr, C. parapsilosis, C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis were isolated in lower percentage. The high frequency of candiduria and the possible predisposing factors found in ICU patients show that candiduria surveillance should be performed to help reducing nosocomial infections.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis/urine , Cross Infection/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Candidiasis/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Intensive Care Units , Risk Factors , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology
18.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 47(5): 253-256, Sept.-Oct. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-417082

ABSTRACT

A atividade antifúngica de anfotericina B, fluconazol, itraconazol e voriconazol foi avaliada em 70 amostras de Cryptococcus neoformans isoladas de liquido céfalo raquidiano (LCR) de pacientes com AIDS e em 40 amostras de C. neoformans obtidas do meio ambiente. Dentre os isolados 66 foram identificados como C. neoformans var. neoformans e quatro isolados clínicos, como C. neoformans var. gattii. Para a realização dos testes de suscetibilidade foi utilizado o método de microdiluição em meio líquido segundo o NCCLS M27-A2. As concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIMs) para os isolados clínicos variaram de 0,06-1,0 µg/mL para anfotericina B, 0,125-8 µg/mL para fluconazol, 0,03-0,5 µg/mL para itraconazol e 0,03-0,25 µg/mL para voriconazol, enquanto que para as amostras ambientais de C. neoformans as concentrações inibitórias variaram de 0,015-0,125 µg/mL, 0,25-2,0 µg/mL, 0,007-0,125 µg/mL e 0,03-0,25 µg/mL para anfotericina B, fluconazol, itraconazol e voriconazol, respectivamente. Os resultados das concentrações inibitórias mínimas obtidas para os isolados clínicos e ambientais mostraram semelhança com relação ao perfil de suscetibilidade, não tendo sido encontrados isolados resistentes a nenhum dos antifúngicos, levando-se em consideração a metodologia e critério de interpretação estudados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Cryptococcus neoformans/drug effects , Amphotericin B/pharmacology , Brazil , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolation & purification , Fluconazole/pharmacology , Itraconazole/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Triazoles/pharmacology
19.
Rev. patol. trop ; 34(2): 123-128, maio-ago. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-426782

ABSTRACT

A candidíase pode ser descrita como a mais freqüente infecção fúngica oportunística. Ela produz lesões que variam de cutâneas a sistêmicas. Embora a Candida albicans seja o agente mais comumente isolado, espécies como C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii e C. krusei têm sido identificadas como agentes de candidíase. Neste trabalho, foram coletados materiais de lesões superficiais de diferentes regiões do corpo de 2.083 pacientes do Laboratório de Micologia IPTSP-UFG, durante o ano de 2003, para identificação de fungos do gênero Candida. As amostras coletadas foram submetidas a exame direto, usando-se KOH a 40por cento, e cultivadas em ágar Sabouraud dextrose acrescido de cloranfenicol. Os isolados foram identificados por produção de tubo germinativo e clamídoconídios e assimilação de hidratos de carbono. Foram isoladas 190 leveduras do gênero Candida (9,1por cento), entre as quais C. albicans (63,2por cento), C. parapsilosis (14,2por cento) e C. tropicalis (9,5por cento) foram as espécies mais freqüentes. As lesões por Candida foram predominantes nas unhas das mãos (42,1por cento) e dos pés (42,6por cento). Os resultados obtidos mostraram um aumento de C. parapsilosis e C. tropicalis como agentes de candidíase, comprovando a participação de outras espécies não-albicans como patógenos emergentes.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Candida , Candidiasis/epidemiology , Candidiasis/etiology , Nails/injuries , Brazil/epidemiology
20.
Rev. patol. trop ; 34(1): 37-42, jan.-abr. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-416572

ABSTRACT

Diferentes meios cromógenos de cultivo, fundamentados na cor desenvolvida pelas colônias através de indicadores de pH e fermentação de compostos específicos ou substratos cromógenos, têm sido utilizados para diferenciar Candida albicans e outras leveduras de interesse clínico. O meio de cultura CHROMagar Candida é usado para isolar e identificar presuntivamente C. albicans, C. krusei e C. tropicalis. Neste trabalho, o meio cromógeno CHROMagar(TM) Candida foi usado para a identificação de 53 leveduras previamente identificadas por métodos manuais convencionais como Candida albicans(34), C.tropicalis(7), C.krusei(5) C.glabrata(4) e C.parapsilosis(3). Das 34 amostras identificadas por métodos convencionais como C. albicans, 30 (88,2por cento) apresentaram a coloração verde-escura brilhante própria desta espécie no meio cromogênico. As características relativas à coloração e à morfologia, mostradas em CHROMagar Candida, apresentaram-se compatíveis com C. krusei, C. glabrata e C. parapsilosis em todas as amostras estudadas, enquanto 5 dos 7 isolados (71,4por cento) de C. tropicalis apresentaram a coloração azul característica desta espécie. Com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que o meio CHROMagar Candida pode ser útil na identificação presuntiva das espécies do gênero Candida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Candida , Yeasts/isolation & purification , Culture Media
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL